FROM BRAZILIAN LAND - FRESH TO THE TABLE
In the last two weeks dominated "expo grande, one of the nation's largest trade fairs and exhibition for agribusiness (" Agronegócio "), the local reporting. About 500,000 visitors attended the invitation. This represents about two-thirds of the population of Campo Grande, or a fifth of the inhabitants of the entire state. A So important event for the region.
According important visitors were expected for the opening. President Lula wanted to personally come originally, but was prevented because of his trip through the Middle East. So, the presidential candidate Dilma, Lula's desire successor to take over the task. However, the Minister must cancel at short notice due to sudden illness of her mother. Another minister jumps, opened the show and bring on that occasion also the same for 20 million reais from Brasília - to repair the damage, that the heavy rains have caused the end of February. The upbeat mood also.
agriculture in its entire value chain is a major factor in the Brazilian economy. Three numbers may make this clear: One-third of gross domestic product, over 40% of exports and about one in three jobs account for production, processing and marketing of food. By comparison, in Germany the Federal Statistical Office, according to Agriculture contributes less than 1% of GDP.
These relations are reflected also in cattle. Sometime late 80s surpassed the number of cattle, the number of human inhabitants in Brazil. According to figures from the Ministry of Agriculture populated in 2005 207 million cattle and 192 million people of that country. In Germany, each about 7 inhabitants share a cow.
In our state of Mato Grosso do Sul, the ratios again very different. "We" have brazil far with about 25 million heads the second largest cattle herd, just behind the neighboring state of Mato Grosso. With nearly 2.5 million residents, the calculation is simple: 10:1 for the four-legged friends.
But the end of the story seems far from being reached. The arable land in Brazil is reported to nearly 4 million km ². This corresponds to about 11 in Germany. Almost a quarter of that vast area is still used today not for the production of food. One dimension of the expected growth of agribusiness is thus the growth of the area.
Die andere Dimension stellt die Produktivitätssteigerung dar, d. h. die Steigerung des Ertrags pro Flächeneinheit, sowohl in der Viehzucht als auch im Ackerbau. Die Rinderrassen werden darauf getrimmt, immer schneller zu wachsen, immer robuster gegenüber möglichen Krankheiten zu sein. Im Anbau von Soja, Mais u. a. wird ebenfalls massiv geforscht, um immer schneller immer mehr ernten zu können.
So ist Brasilien, neben den USA, führend in Sachen „Direktsaat“ („plantio direto“). While the European farmer still believes that a field is plowed after harvesting must show his Brazilian colleagues with great success, that there is another way. Sown is harvested directly into the ground. This saves time and money and reduces soil erosion dramatically. We are talking about highly efficient industrial production. With rural sunset romance is nothing more to do.
Mato Grosso do Sul is a major meat producer in the country. Of the global beef exports in 2008 were 30% from Brazil. When it comes to the government, should this Rate in 2020 increased to 45%.
addition, Brazil is still the world number one in production and export of coffee, sugar and fruit juices as well as in the export of soybean and chicken. Beef anyway - despite the fact that 80% of the production of the domestic consumers will get eaten and only the remaining 20% are exported.
Well is right to point out that cattle for a significant part des weltweiten Ausstoßes von Treibhausgasen verantwortlich ist. Wir reden dabei in erster Linie von Methan, welches gut zwanzigmal so stark wirkt wie Kohlendioxid. In CO2-Äquivalent umgerechnet reden wir von ca. 1,3 Tonnen CO2 pro Rind und Jahr. Das ist jedoch nur die halbe Wahrheit. Die andere Hälfte besagt: Die hiesige Rinderzucht ist sehr flächenintensiv, will sagen: Auf einem Hektar Land weidet in etwa ein Stück Vieh. Man schätzt nun, dass ein Hektar Weideland pro Jahr etwa 3,4 CO2 Tonnen absorbiert. Macht netto minus 2,1 Tonnen CO2.Wenn die Zahlen also stimmen, dann betreibt der hiesige Rinderzüchter ja geradezu aktiven Klimaschutz.
Brasilien ist also eine Großmacht in Sachen Produktion und Verarbeitung von Nahrungsmitteln. Da kann man sich natürlich auch mal fragen, in wie viele Taschen der generierte Reichtum fließt. Das Zahlenmaterial hierzu ist spärlich, was wenig verwundern dürfte. Auf der Internet-Seite des Bildungsministeriums („Ministério da Educação“, kurz „MEC“) befindet sich eine 30-seitige Ausarbeitung über Viehzucht im Bundesstaat Mato Grosso do Sul.
Und dort, gleich auf der ersten Seite, ist eine interessante Tabelle abgedruckt. Diese gibt Aufschluss über die Größenverteilung der Viehzuchtbetriebe in Mato Grosso do Sul, kurz MS. Die angegebenen Zahlen datieren aus dem Jahre 1995 wohlgemerkt. Wenn es seither nennenswerte Veränderungen gab, dann doch wohl im Einklang mit dem weltweiten Trend hin zur Konzentration.
Die Zahlen besagen, dass die Betriebe mit max. 100 Hektar Fläche zahlenmäßig gut die Hälfte ausmachen. Allerdings entfallen nur gut 2% der Fläche auf sie. Auf 1.000 Hektar oder mehr kommt nur jeder siebte Betrieb. Dafür bedecken diese wenigen Betriebe knapp 80% der gesamten Fläche. Hoch konzentriert, I would say. The creme de la creme is made of nearly 400 companies with 10,000 acres or more. 10,000 hectares, which are sometimes just 100 square kilometers, which is 10 kilometers by 10 kilometers. This is about the area of the city of Heidelberg. Or a little more than the whole of Manhattan. In a wealthy hand. All sorts.
And now the icing on the cake. What next, is not cited in the report, but you can work out with the skilful application of the four basic arithmetic. There are almost 50,000 livestock farms in MS with a total area of almost 31 million hectares. That makes over 600 hectares on average. Now, if the 0.8% largest farms, with an area of 10,000 hectares or more, have a total of 24.5% of the total, it is clear that for these "top tier" an average area of almost 20,000 hectares. 200 km ². 14 km x 14 km. So great is Stuttgart.
We our visit to the grande expo to attend a lecture interesting use of the opportunities afforded the cultivation of eucalyptus trees. What? First, eucalyptus is native primarily to Australia. And second: What does a tree on a cattle show lost?
Even the cattle farmers from Mato Grosso do Sul pays off at the end of the year its return on investment and cross-eyed attention to the continuing high interest rates, paying the bank for risk-free investments . Just now the prime rate of 8.75% was confirmed by the central bank.
Now it seems to be that the local good soils lose slowly but surely in power. This applies equally well for animal husbandry and the cultivation of soybeans and corn. Economic terms, this means nothing other than that the rate of return "under pressure" device.
And here is their chance to see companies that have established a land owner the following offer: Make us a part of your soil for the next few years are available. We take care of everything, you get your financial contribution. None of this means: Preparing the soil, eucalyptus planting in rows and maintain the greenhouse and to cherish, it can be "harvested" after 7 or 14 years.
Dieses Konzept scheint nach und nach zu überzeugen. Eukalyptus muss es übrigens sein, des schnellen Wachstums wegen. Da kann offenbar kein brasilianischer Baum mithalten. Die Anbaufläche konnte in den letzten fünf Jahren mehr als verdoppelt werden auf etwa 300.000 Hektar. Hört sich nach viel an, ist aber weniger als 1% der Fläche des Bundesstaates. Gleichwohl sehen die Produzenten dies als Möglichkeit, ihre Produktpalette zu diversifizieren und sich so von Preisschwankungen unabhängiger zu machen.
Im Übrigen muss kein Rind fürchten, that there is a Eukaliptuswald must go. On the contrary. The trees could provide the troubled down mercilessly by the burning sun bark a little protection if the landowner permits.
It must therefore have no fear that soon Sundays remain the grill must be cold, because, although there is plenty of wood for heating, but there is no meat to fry everything.
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